Starting from the analysis of gender representations built on “prehistory” in the textbook Oficina de História, approved in the 2018 PNLD for High School, the article discusses the modes of subjectivation in narratives about sexuality and the sexual division of labor in the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods. Emphasizing the need to “deconstruct” these representations in History teaching, it also addresses a series of archaeological evidence that challenges assumptions about the inferiority and dependence of women in this periods. Such evidence endorses the histories of the possible that allows questioning the conception of gender inequalities as natural principles of human “evolution” and social organization, favoring the recognition of the historicity and plurality of gender conceptions and relations in time, as well as the denaturalization of discourses and practices that educate for the normality and continuity of heteropatriarchal domination.
