This work focuses on the context of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorship from the perspective of local history. The theoretical-methodological approach is based on the concept of historical consciousness formulated by Jörn Rüsen and disseminated in Brazil by various authors. The adopted methodology proposes the use of historical documents in history teaching, especially images found in personal collections. In conclusion, we propose a sequence of classroom activities for a 9th-grade class in elementary school.